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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25409573     EISSN : 25409581     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology (JTBB) is an authoritative source of information concerned with the advancement of tropical biology studies in the Southeast Asia Region. It publishes original scientific work related to a diverse range of fields in tropical biodiversity, functional biology, and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 6, No 3 (2021): December" : 15 Documents clear
Local adaptation of invasive plant, Synedrella nodiflora, in urban tropical lowland landscape Universitas Indonesia Andi Eko Maryanto; Andi Salamah; Citra Karina Windarti; Mutia Syadewi
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 6, No 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.64622

Abstract

Synedrella nodiflora is an invasive species originated from tropical America and now has spread throughout Indonesia. We analysed the ability of Synedrella nodiflora from the level of HSP70 gene expression at different heat stress in urban tropical lowland landscape Universitas Indonesia.  We used the qPCR to quantify the level of HSP70 gene expression and analysed using Pfaffl model. We found the level of HSP70 gene expression got higher related to elevated temperature from 29oC to 39oC with a range of fold from 123.1 to 1676.9. This ability reflects the adaptive plasticity of Synedrella nodiflora in the course of the invasion process. 
Variations of Movement, Dispersal, and Morphometrics among Subpopulations of Javan Endemic Damselfly, Drepanosticta spatulifera (Odonata: Platystictidae) in Petungkriyono Forest Amelia Nugrahaningrum; R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 6, No 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.65612

Abstract

Drepanosticta spatulifera is a Javan endemic damselfly. The population is spread unevenly in the Petungkriyono Forest and is threatened due to environmental pressure. The aims of this research are to know the variation of the movement, dispersal, and morphometric among subpopulations of D. spatulifera. Movement and dispersal variation data collection was done using Mark Release Recapture (MRR) for six weeks from early August until mid-September 2020. The collection of morphometric samples was done during the last week of the MRR survey and 46 individuals were measured with 12 continuous characters. During the MRR survey, 596 males of D. spatulifera were marked and 302 were recaptured. D. spatulifera had short movement and dispersal thus no individuals were found across the subpopulations. The distance moved of successive capture and net lifetime movement were dominantly less or equal to five meters. The duration of the MRR survey had a low correlation with the dispersal distance of D. spatulifera. In the morphometric variations, closer subpopulations tended to have a similar cluster of morphometric characters. Variation of distance moved between successive capture and wing size from Mangli Stream was significantly different from other sites. The subpopulation of Mangli, the farthest and higher altitude of the sites, had the highest distance move, more disperse, and the largest wing size. Our study showed that D. spatulifera was extremely sedentary damselfly. It will enhance inbreeding and vulnerability to extinction. Therefore, the interaction between the subpopulations of D. spatulifera in the Petungkriyono Forest needs to be done more.
Identification of ISSR-based Molecular Markers Associated with Ploidy Level of Orange Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai) Andra Jausa Salsabila; Budi Setiadi Daryono; Aprilia Sufi Subiastuti
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 6, No 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.61858

Abstract

Indonesia is an agrarian country whose territory is partly used as an agricultural sector, has especially watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai). At present, the development of watermelons in Indonesia still requires a variety of colors, superior watermelons need to be developed by making triploid orange watermelons. The new watermelon cultivar (F₁) is the result of crossing 'Jelita' (♀) and 'BallyBall' (♂) which are expected to provide a combination of characters that can produce large and sweet fruits. The purpose of this study was to identify ISSR markers that were associated with ploidy levels of horticultural crops, particularly watermelon. The watermelons were growns on the agricultural land of Kebondalem Hamlet, Madurejo Village, Prambanan District, D.I.Y. and analyzed at the Laboratory of Biotechnology PAU, UGM and Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology UGM. Analysis of genetic variation was carried out using the PCR-ISSR method and the DNA bandwidth was calculated using Paint Apps, Microsoft Excel 2013, and Microsoft Word 2013. The results of crossing 'Jelita' and 'King Quality 'is sterile. The result of 'Jelita' with 'BallyBall' produces tillers until sterile harvest time. The results of the analysis of genetic variation using the PCR-ISSR method indicate that the ISSR BI, B3, B5, and CBTC 1 molecular markers cannot be used to distinguish ploidy from the tested watermelons. 
Morphological, Histological, and Protein Profiling of Tea Embryo Axis at Early Stage of Culture Ratna Dewi Eskundari; Taryono Taryono; Didik Indradewa; Yekti Asih Purwestri
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 6, No 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.64403

Abstract

Tissue culture is an alternative choice of plant propagation either through somatic embryogenesis or in vitro organogenesis techniques. TRI2025 tea clone has been cultured successfully, however, the scientific information related to morphology, histology, and protein profile at an early event of culturing time has not been reported yet. This study aimed to determine the differences between those pathways, in the context of morphology, histology, and protein profile. The explants were the embryo axis of TRI2025 tea clone cultured on two different induction mediums; somatic embryogenesis and in vitro organogenesis induction medium. The results showed that most of the explants cultured on A medium developed to be a globular-like structure at 11-day after culture (DAC), while all explants cultured on B medium showed the initiation stage of in vitro organogenesis. Histological analysis showed meristem reconstruction at shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM) at 11-DAC at explants cultured on B medium, while explants cultured on A medium showed callusing at 21-DAC. Protein profile analysis using SDS-PAGE showed protein bands of 54 and 81 KDa that only appeared at explants cultured on A medium start from 14-DAC, and those two protein bands thought to be a differentiator at the early stages of the two tissue culture techniques. Thus, these parameters can be used as early detection for plant tissue culture, especially in tea. 
Rafflesia patma Blume in Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java: Population Structure, Distribution Patterns, and Environmental Influences Bahana Aditya Adnan; Suwarno Hadisusanto; Purnomo Purnomo
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 6, No 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.64800

Abstract

Rafflesia patma is an endemic plant of Pangandaran, West Java which is protected because of its rare status. The purpose of this research is to study the population structure, distribution patterns, and the effect of the physical environment of abundance R. patma in Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java. The method used in this research was a survey method with a purposive sampling technique. Sampling was conducted using quadrat plots. The population pattern distribution was defined by a standardized Morisita index, and the analysis of abiotic environmental factors was determined by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using PAST3. The results showed that there were 114 R. patma individuals scattered in several research areas in Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve, they were Gua Parat (3 individuals), Cilegon (13 individuals), Pasir Putih (12 individuals), Badeto (48 individuals), and Curug Leutik (38 individuals). The distribution pattern of R. patma in Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve was clustered with the Morisita index value (Id) > 1. Based on the PCA analysis, results that support the classification of the cluster analysis were obtained. Based on four abiotic environmental conditions analyzed, the most dominant character in influencing the distribution patterns and population structure of R. patma is light intensity. 
Astaxanthin-Producing Microalgae Identification Using 18S rRNA : Isolates from Bangkalan Mangrove Waters and Sowan Tuban Northern Waters, East Java, Indonesia Dini Ermavitalini; Siska Yulia Rukhmana; Thalita Meidina; Leonardo Pascalis Dimas Cahyo Baskoro; Triono Bagus Saputro; Ni’matuzahroh Ni’matuzahroh; Hery Purnobasuki
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 6, No 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.64882

Abstract

Microalgae are a group of micro-sized photosynthetic organisms that range from prokaryotic cyanobacteria to eukaryotic algae. Microalgae are widely used as a source  of natural food, cosmetic ingredients, food ingredients, and a source of pigments. This study aims to identify species of four microalgae isolates named B1, B2, B3, and S2 from Bangkalan Mangrove Waters and Sowan Tuban Northern Waters, and to determine their astaxanthin pigment concentration under 1 M NaCl. Species identification was carried out through a molecular approach by utilization of an 18S rRNA gene marker. A quantitative test of astaxanthin concentration was carried out by spectrophotometric analysis. Molecular identification results show that isolates B1 and B3 are closely related to Chlorella sp., while isolates B2 and S2  are closely related to Picochlorum maculatum. Moreover, under salinity stress condition of 1 M NaCl shown a significant decrement of astaxanthin production compared to the control treatment. At 1 M NaCl, the astaxanthin content of isolate B1 was 4x10-5 mgL-1, isolate B2 was 2x10-5 mgL-1, isolate B3 was 1x10-5 mgL-1, and isolate S2 was 6x10-6 mgL-1. All in all, isolate S2 has the highest astaxanthin among the other isolates at normal conditions, while under salt stress regime, isolate B1 shown to be the best source for astaxanthin. 
Seedling Diversity Considerably Changes Near Localities in Three Salinity Zones of Sundarbans Mangrove Forest, Bangladesh ASM Helal Siddiqui; Md. Masudur Rahman; Md. Najmus Sayadat Pitol; Md. Akramul Islam; Sk Md. Mehedi Hasan
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 6, No 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.65241

Abstract

The status of natural seedlings near localities in the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest was assessed through a stratified random sampling method  to observe seedling composition and diversity, importance value index, family importance value, and species evenness. A total of 63 sample plots of 3,990 m2 area were surveyed in three natural and anthropogenic influenced salinity zones of Sundarbans. A total of 16,166 seedlings of 15 species under 12 families were found. Family Euphorbiaceae showed the highest (59.59%) family relative density and Rhizophoraceae presented the highest (20%) family relative diversity Index (FRDI). The maximum family importance value (FIV) showed by Euphorbiaceae (66.26) and the maximum importance value index (IVI) of species has been observed in Excoecaria agallocha (114.74). Excoecaria agallocha showed the highest relative density (59.6%) and relative abundance (39.87%) where the highest relative frequency (15.27%) was observed by Heritiera fomes. The mean stem density and species diversity index in the whole survey area was 2701 stem ha-1 and 0.0009 correspondingly. The Shannon-Wienner's diversity index was 1.52 where the maximum Shannon-Wienner's diversity index was 2.708. The Simpson's diversity index and Dominance of Simpson index were 0.38 and 0.62 with Simpson's reciprocal index 2.632. The Species evenness index, Menhinick’s, and Margalef's indices were 0.561, 0.118, and 1.445 respectively. The Species diversity index of the three salinity zones were 0.0017, 0.0029, and 0.0035 respectively. The Shannon-Wienner's diversity index of Low Salinity Zone (LSZ), Moderate Salinity Zone (MSZ), and Strong Salinity Zone (SSZ) were 0.887, 1.369, and 1.845 correspondingly where LSZ (0.632) showed the highest Simpson's diversity index follow ed by MSZ (0.394) and SSZ (0.21). The Species evenness index for LSZ, MSZ, and SSZ were 0.346, 0.505, and 0.742 where Menhinick’s Index were 0.148, 0.210, and 0.207 respectively. The analysis showed poor diversity indices and the area was dominated by few species with few families. The status is also reduced with increasing salinity.
Detection of Knockdown-Resistance Mutations (V1016G and F1534C) in Dengue Vector from Urban Park, Surabaya, Indonesia Shifa Fauziyah; Sri Subekti; Budi Utomo; Teguh Hari Sucipto; Hebert Adrianto; Aryati Aryati; Puspa Wardhani; Soegeng Soegijanto
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 6, No 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.65357

Abstract

An urban park is potentially a source of vector-borne disease transmission due to it being a natural and artificial mosquito breeding habitats combined with people's continuous presence. Thus, this study aims to screen the occurrence of knockdown-resistance (kdr) mutant alleles (V1016G and F1534C) in mosquito populations collected from urban parks in Surabaya, Indonesia. Cross sectional study was conducted in July 2019. A total of 28 ovitraps were installed in seven urban parks, having four ovitraps installed in each park. In total, 1,662 eggs were collected, and only 187 emerged into adult mosquitoes, consisting of 97 Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and 90 Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus. All-female adult mosquitoes (n=55) were tested using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay (AS-PCR) to detect voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene mutations. This study found no mutations in Valine to Glysine mutation in point 1016 (V1016G) and Phenylalanine to Cysteine in point 1534 (F1534C) alleles in both two species. All of mosquito samples have wild type genotype of kdr alleles (V1016V and F1534F). Data were analysed using R Studio 1.4 Version by Genetics package. Results showed that the frequency of resistant alleles (G1016 and C1534) was zero, and the frequency of susceptible allele was 1 (V1016 and F1534). Insecticide bioassay could not be established due to the limited number of adult mosquitoes, so insecticide resistance status could not be determined. However, this study can be used as preliminary monitoring for the vector control program.
Predicting Species Distribution for True Indigo (Indigofera tinctoria L.) in Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia Didi Usmadi; Sutomo Sutomo; Rajif Iryadi; Siti Fatimah Hanum; I Dewa Putu Darma; I Putu Agus Hendra Wibawa
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 6, No 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.65398

Abstract

Citarum watershed is a region of approximately 6,610 km2 in West Java, Indonesia. Citarum watershed has been degraded through historical land use and vegetation clearing. Rehabilitation of Citarum watershed uses Indigofera tinctoria L. that has value as a source of natural blue dye and is considered suitable for the region. Species distribution modelling and Habitat suitability index (SDM/HSI) were undertaken for I. tinctoria. The occurrence and environment data (bioclimatic, topography, and soil type) were input to HSI. Results of the Indigofera tinctoria habitat suitability model in Citarum watershed are very good (0.9–1) for some parts of the Citarum watershed. The medium and high suitability areas were respectively 4.49% and 4.37% of the area were located in the lowlands (Bekasi Regency and Karawang Regency). Prediction based on climate modelling for 2050 and 2070 estimated that the medium-high suitability area of Indigofera tinctoria will be reduced relative to the present. 
Vocalization of Western Tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus Horsfield, 1821) in Bangka Island, Indonesia Indra Yustian; Dedek Kurniawan; Zahrial Effendi; Doni Setiawan; Enggar Patriono; Laila Hanum; Arum Setiawan
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 6, No 3 (2021): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.65526

Abstract

Every tarsier species performs different vocalization behaviour. Cephalopachus bancanus as one of the tarsier species listed as vulnerable in the IUCN red list has limited and different information about their vocalization. This research was designed to explore the species vocalization in the vicinity of Petaling Village, District of Bangka, Bangka Island, Indonesia. Tarsier vocalization inside temporary enclosures was recorded using a handy recorder and analysed using bioacoustics software Audacity 2.3.3 and Raven Pro 1.6.1. We described seven vocalization types with different functions and spectrogram patterns. One type of vocalization, squeak, is produced only by the infant. Two types of vocalizations (whistle and cheeps) were produced by the infant and adult, and four vocalization types were performed by adults. Those types of vocalizations can be heard within human hearing. Some types of vocalizations have peak frequencies at the ultrasonic level, i.e.: agonistic scream, alarm call, distress call, and hysteresis. 

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